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Candy cap or curry milkcap is the English-language common name for several closely related edible species of ''Lactarius''; ''L. camphoratus'', ''L. fragilis'', and ''L. rubidus''. These mushrooms are valued for their highly aromatic qualities and are used culinarily as a flavoring rather than as a vegetable. ==Description and classification== Candy caps are small to medium-size mushrooms, with a pileus that is typically under 5 cm in diameter (though ''L. rubidus'' and ''L. rufulus'' can be slightly larger), and with coloration ranging through various burnt orange to burnt orange-red to orange-brown shades. The pileus shape ranges from broadly convex in young specimens to plane to slightly depressed in older ones; lamellae are attached to subdecurrent. The entire fruiting body is quite fragile and brittle. Like all members of ''Lactarius'', the fruiting body exudes a latex when broken, which in these species is whitish and watery in appearance, and is often compared to whey or nonfat milk. The latex may have little flavor or may be slightly sweet, but should never taste bitter or acrid. These species are particularly distinguishable by their scent, which has been variously compared to maple syrup, camphor, curry, fenugreek, burnt sugar, Malt-O-Meal, or ''Maggi-Würze''. This scent may be quite faint in fresh specimens, but typically becomes quite strong when the fruiting body is dried. Microscopically, they share features typical of ''Lactarius'', including round to slightly ovular spores with distinct amyloid ornamentation and sphaerocysts that are abundant in the pileus and stipe trama, but infrequent in the lamellar trama.〔Largent DL, Baroni TJ. 1988. ''How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus VI: Modern Genera''. Arcata, CA: Mad River Press. ISBN 0-916422-76-3. p 73–74.〕 The candy caps have been placed in various infrageneric groups of ''Lactarius'' depending on the author. Bon〔Bon M. 1983. Notes sur la systématique du genre ''Lactarius''. ''Documents Mycologiques'' 13(50): 15–26.〕 defined the candy caps and allies as making up the subsection ''Camphoratini'' of the section ''Olentes''. Subsection ''Camphoratini'' is defined by their similarity in color, odor (with the exception of ''L. rostratus'' – see below), and by the presence of macrocystidia on their hymenium. (The other subsection of ''Olentes'', ''Serifluini'', is also aromatic, but have very different aromas from the ''Camphoratini'' and are entirely lacking in cystidia.)〔Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A, Vesterholt J. 1998. ''The Genus'' Lactarius. (Fungi of Northern Europe, Volume 2.) Mundelstrup, DK: Danish Mycological Society. ISBN 87-983581-4-6.〕 Bon〔 and later European authors treated all species that were aromatic and had at least a partially epithelial pileipellis as section ''Olentes'', whereas Hesler and Smith〔 Hesler LR, Smith AH. 1979. ''North American Species of'' Lactarius. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08440-2.〕 and later North American authors〔Methven AS. 1997. ''The Agaricales of California 10. Russulales II:'' Lactarius. Eureka, CA: Mad River Press. ISBN 0-916422-85-2.〕 treat all species with such a pileipellis (both aromatic and non-aromatic) as the section ''Thojogali''. However, a thorough molecular phylogenetic investigation of ''Lactarius'' has yet to be published, and older classification systems of ''Lactarius'' are generally not regarded as natural.〔 Like other species of ''Lactarius'', candy caps are generally thought to be ectotrophic, with ''L. camphoratus'' having been identified in ectomycorrhizal root tips. However, unusually for a mycorrhizal species, ''L. rubidus'' is also commonly observed growing directly on decaying conifer wood.〔 All candy cap species seem to be associated with a range of tree species. The most notable differences between ''L. camphoratus'', ''L. fragilis'', and ''L. rubidus'' are as follows:〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Candy cap」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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